POINTS TO REMEMBER

. Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Sultanate, was
a slave of Muhammad of Ghur.
. The independent dynasty founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak is referred to as the mameluks or slave dynasty, because two other prominent rulers of the Sultanate-Iltutmish and Balban-were also slaves. These rulers, however, did not descend from a common ancestor.
. Aibak received the title of Sultan of Delhi from Ghiyas­
ud-din Mahmud, the successor of Muhammad Ghur.
. Aibak was also known as lakh bakhsh (giver of lakhs).
He constructed two mosques Quwatul-Islam and Arhai­
Din ka Jhonpara, at Delhi.
. Chengiz Khan, the Mongol leader, threatened to attack
the Sultanate during the reign of Iltutmish.
. Iltutmish completed the structure of Qutb Minar in
Delhi, the construction of which had been started by
Aibak.
. Qutb Minar was dedicated to Khwaja Qutb-ud-din
Bakhtiyar Kaki.
. Raziya Sultan, the only woman ruler to occupy the
throne of Delhi, was murdered near Kaithal.
. Balban's greatest contribution to the stability of the
Sultanate was to ensure respect for the kingly office. He
demolished the power of the 'college of forty' (chalisa),
a group of forty Turk nobles founded during Iltutmish's
rule.
. Kaiqubad was the last ruler of the slave dynasty.
. The Khalji Dynasty was founded by Jalal-ud-din Khalji,
whose original name was Firoz Shah.
. The 'New Muslims' were the Mongols who had con­
verted to Islam and settled down near Delhi during
Jalal-ud-din's reign.
. Jalal-ud-din Khalji was the first Sultan of Delhi who
clearly put forward the view that the state should be
based on the willing support of the governed. . Balban was also known as Ulugh Khan. . Malik Kafur, who helped Ala'-ud-din Khalji in his Deccan
campaign, was captured by the latter during his attack
on Gujarat in 1297.
. Deval, captured by Ala-ud-din Khalji, was a Devagiri
princess.
. Ala-ud-din Khalji defeated the Mongol leader Qutlugh
Khwaja.
. Ala-ud-din introduced the system of daag (branding
horses) and chehra (preparing descriptive rolls of sol­
diers). But his most remarkable reform was that of
. market regulation.
. Ala-ud-din appointed two new officers-diwan-i-riyasat and shaha-i-mandi-to keep a check on the market.
. Sarai adi was the name given by Ala-ud-din Khalji to
open market where all goods for sale were to be brought.
. Ala-ud-din built a new city, called Siri, and Alai Darwaja near Qutb Minar. . .
. The Tughlaq dynasty was founded by Ghiyas-ud-din
Tughlaq. . Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, built Tughlaqabad fort in Delhi.
. Muhammad-bin Tughlaq created an agricultural depart­
ment called diwan-i-kohi whose main object was to bring the uncultivated land under cultivation through state financial support.
. Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq was called a 'Prince of
Moneyers' and 'Mixture of Opposites'.
. The Chinese ruler, Toghan TImur, sent an envoy to the court of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq to seek the Sultan's permission to rebuild Buddhist temples in the Hima­layan region. Bin Tughlaq sent Ibn Batutah, a Moorish traveller appointed as chief qazi of Delhi, to the Chinese empero{ in 1347.
. Ibn Batutah wrote Safarnamah which records Muhammad­
bin- Tughlaq' s adventures.
. Firuz Tughlaq was at Thatta (Sindh) when Muhammad­
bin- Tughlaq died in 1336.
. Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a charitable hospital
(diwan-i-khairat) in Delhi and founded the cities of
Firuzabad, Fatehabad, Firuzpur, Hissar and Jaunpur.
. Fatuhat-i-Firuz Shahi was written by Firuz Shah Tughlaq. . Firuz Shah Tughlaq was the first sultan to impose jaziya
on the brahmans.
. The final blow to the Tughlaq dynasty came with the
invasion of Amir Tunur or TImurlane, who was the ruler
of Samarkand (Central Asia).
. The Sayyid dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan, the
viceroy of Tunur. . The founder of the Lodi dynasty was BaWol LodL . Sikandar Lodi, the most capable Lodi ruler, shifted the
capital of Sultanate from Delhi to Agra, a city he
founded.
. Daulat Khan Lodi, the governor of Punjab, invited Babar,
the king of Kabul, to overthrow Ibrahim Lodi.
. The diwan-i-wizarat, headed by Wazir, was in charge of
revenue and finance. The wazir also controlled other
departments. . Muhatsib was a censor of public morale. . Provincial governors of the Sultanate were called amils
or muqtas.
. Sultanate's fiscal policy was guided by Hanafi school of Sunni jurists. There were five kinds of taxes: (i) zakat (religious tax on wealthy Muslims); (ii) kharaj (land revenue); (Hi) khan (war booty); (iv) ushraf (on Muslim lands); and (v) jaziya or poll tax (ad~t non-Muslim males).

. t:and revenue, the most important source of revenue, was derived from khalisa (or crown lands) and iqtas (territories granted to officers).
. Ala-ud-din Khalji and Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq checked
the influence of the ulemas and disregarded their advice.